Digest this complexity: Only one out of every 10 cells in the body is human.
“There are ten times more bacteria cells colonizing a human than the number of human cells in the body (10^14 versus 10^13, respectively).”
“Microbial Co-op in Evolution“, expresses in vague “scientifically sophisticated” verbiage plain obvious observations about cooperation in evolution.
Co-op in evolution started earlier than in microbial communities. It started between individual genes, who formed and elaborated cooperative associations, genomes.
Life has always been and still is a fractal affair, repetition of phenomena on ever more complex scale. It cannot be otherwise; it evolves. And surviving-proliferating life has always been a cooperative affair since cooperation is most successful for overall survival/proliferation.
Story with comments at Science blog
When Is Clean Too Clean?
Widespread use of antimicrobial products has prompted concern about emergence of resistance to antiseptics and damage to the skin barrier associated with frequent washing. This article reviews evidence for the relationship between skin hygiene and infection, the effects of washing on skin integrity, and recommendations for skin care practices.