Month: June 2006

What got you going where?

By combining a hand-held global positioning system with a galvanic skin response sensor (that measures the sweatiness of your fingers), London-based artist Christian Nold has created a gadget that measures your arousal as you walk around. Superimposing the data onto your route, using something like Google Earth, allows you to see a kind of ’emotion map‘ for where you’ve been.

Nold has tested the device on over 300 people so far (his data is publicly available), and is looking for academic and commercial research partners to explore the project’s potential.

Link to Bio-mapping website.
Link to Bio-mapping documentary download.

Science News has a cover article on the psychology, neuroscience and genetics of how violence and anti-social behaviour develops in young people.

The article examines how human biology and the influence of family and social life interact to increase the chances of violence and bullying in some, while leaving others able to control their actions despite being subject to hostile experiences.

Henry’s story highlights a theme that is attracting increasing scientific attention: Like all children, chronic troublemakers and hell-raisers respond to a shifting mix of social and biological influences as they grow. Some developmental roads arc relentlessly toward brutality and tragedy. Others, like Henry’s, plunge into a dark place before heading into the light of adjustment.

Developmentally minded researchers are now beginning to map out violence-prone paths in hopes of creating better family and school interventions. New evidence indicates that a gene variant inherited by some people influences brain development in ways that foster impulsive violence, but only in combination with environmental hardships. Other studies explore how family and peer interactions build on a child’s makeup to promote delinquency.

Separate work examines ways to counteract the malign effects of bullying rituals and other types of coercion in schools.

“Violence is such a complicated issue,” Twemlow says. “There’s always a set of preconditions to violent behavior and never just one cause.”

Link to ‘Destructive Impact’ from Science News via Mind Hacks

Introducing the Super Shrink

When it comes to client recovery, it’s not the type of therapy that matters so much as the individual therapist who’s giving it – that’s the message from a study by researchers at Brigham Young and Ohio universities in America.

John Okiishi and a team of colleagues examined real-life data from 1,841 student clients with problems ranging from homesickness to personality disorder, who between them saw 56 therapists at a large university counselling centre. Before each therapy session, clients completed an outcome questionnaire designed to track their progress and recovery.

The researchers found no effect of therapists’ sex, level/type of training, or their theoretical orientation (cognitive behavioural, humanistic or psychodynamic) on clients’ recovery. There were, however, massive differences between therapists in the typical outcome of their clients and the duration of therapy. A client seeing one of the top three therapists(on average) could expect to feel dramatically better after a few weeks treatment. By contrast, a client seen by one of the bottom three therapists could expect, on average, to feel the same, possibly worse, after three times as much treatment. The range of severity of clients’ problems at treatment onset was similar for the different therapists.

The authors concluded “something about these (more successful) therapists and the way they work, independent of the amount of time spent with clients, has a significant impact. . . There is an urgent need to take account of the effectiveness of the individual therapist and it is time for clinicians to welcome such research”.
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Okishi, J., Lambert, M.J., Nielsen, S.L. & Ogles, B.M. (2003). Waiting for supershrink: an empirical analysis of therapist effects. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 10, 361-373.

Do not expect your written communications to be understood.

In effect, e-mail cannot adequately convey emotion.

A recent study by Profs. Justin Kruger of New York University and Nicholas Epley of the University of Chicago focused on how well sarcasm is detected in electronic messages. Their conclusion: Not only do e-mail senders overestimate their ability to communicate feelings, but e-mail recipients also overestimate their ability to correctly decode those feelings.

Frequency that..	Email	Phone
Communicator believes he is clearly communicating	78%	78%
Receiver believes he is correctly interpreting	89%	91%
Receiver correctly interprets message	56%	73%

via Future Pundit

World Powers and International Order:

“The USA’s status as a world power will be substantially weakened in the next 15 years. This is the result of a representative international survey by the German Bertelsmann Stiftung.

According to this study, only 57% of the 10,000 people surveyed worldwide still see the USA as a world power in the year 2020. Today, 81% of people worldwide reckon the USA is a world power, followed by China with 45%, Japan with 37%, Great Britain with 33%, the EU with 32% and Russia with 27%.

However, expectations shift considerably for the year 2020. Then, 55% of those surveyed expect China to be a world power, followed by Japan with 32%, the EU with 30%, Russia with 27% and India with 24%.”
Press Release (PDF)
Conclusions (PDF)
Survey (PDF)